How to use Soft Computing in Wireless Communication area?


Abstract
The proliferation of number of users in a limited wireless spectrum have raised the levels of inter symbol interference (ISI) and have also contributed towards probable degradation of quality of service (QoS). The key challenges faced by upcoming wireless communication systems is to provide high-data-rate wireless access with better QoS. Also, the fast shrinking spectrum for such communication have necessitated the development of methods to increase spectral efficiency. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless technology is a viable option in such a situation and is likely to be able to meet the demands of these ever-expanding mobile networks. Many researchers have explored this field over a considerable period of time. A sizable portion of the research have been on the application of traditional statistical methods in such areas. Over the years, soft computational tools like artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy systems and their combinations have received attention in the diverse segments of wireless communication. This is because of the fact that these are learning based systems. These learn from the environment, retain the knowledge and use it subsequently. This paper highlights some of the important application areas in wireless communication which have reported the use of soft computing tools in wireless communication that are in circulation in open literature.

Keywords
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology· Soft computation· Wireless communication· Multi layer perceptron (MLP)· Recurrent neural network (RNN)· Fuzzy·Fuzzy-neural· Neuro-fuzzy



Introduction
The proliferation of mobile communication networks over the last decade has increased the use of the wireless spectrum in exponential terms. Increase in number of users in a limited spectrum have raised the levels of inter symbol interference (ISI) and also have increased the possibility of degraded quality of service (QoS).

Importance of Soft Computing Tools in Wireless Communication

Soft computing tools like ANN, fuzzy systems and their combinations have become important segments of systems related to wireless communication. This is because of the fact that these being learning based systems, are better placed to use channel side information (CSI) for improved performance. ANNs have already received considerable attention as an optional technique for  equalization and other such  applications in wireless communication. The  most preferable aspects of the ANN in these applications have been parallelism, adaptive processing, self-organization, universal approximation and ability of tackling highly nonlinear problems. Also, as the ANN learn complex patterns, it acts as a reliable estimator and hence is used for the modeling a host of phenomena observed in wireless systems and MIMO channels.
Application of Feedforward ANN and MLP in Wireless Communication
1.    A three layer ANN along with feedback is used for MIMO channel estimation and equalization and is reported in. The work uses a Kalman filter and a feedforward ANN to perform MIMO channel estimation.
2.    Another work cited in reports the application of ANN for location estimation and CCI suppression in cellular networks.
3.    A work related to blind equalization of a noisy channel by linear ANN is reported in.
4.    Another work of similar nature is available as cited in  where blind channel equalization and estimation is performed using ANN.
5.    This work discusses application of ANN mainly with a time in variant SISO channel. Along with CCI cancelation and equalization, estimation of MIMO channels have also received attention with regards to application of ANN and related tools.
Conclusion
Here, we have discussed about the application of soft computing tools for wireless communication applications. We focussed on the use of ANN in both feedforward and recurrent forms for dealing with a range of issues like channel equalization and estimation, interference cancelation, user identification etc. related to wireless communication. Fuzzy systems are able to deal with uncertainty, hence are useful for dealing with the stochastic nature observed in wireless channels. Fuzzy in combination of ANN form constitute a reliable framework for application in wireless channel.

References

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